Programming Languages DB

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It is mainly used for educational purposes and prototyping.","execution_mechanism":"interpreted","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":"https:\/\/homepages.cwi.nl\/~steven\/abc\/","wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ABC_(programming_language)","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:34","github_repo_count":null,"paradigms":"7,8,9","typings":"9,50","oses":null},{"id":11,"name":"ActionScript","slug":"actionscript","description":"ActionScript is an object-oriented programming language that is primarily used for creating software and applications within the Adobe Flash platform. It is commonly used for creating interactive multimedia and web content.","execution_mechanism":"interpreted","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":"http:\/\/www.adobe.com\/devnet\/actionscript.html","wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ActionScript","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:35","github_repo_count":24826,"paradigms":"3,8,10,17","typings":"8,9","oses":null},{"id":14,"name":"Ada","slug":"ada","description":"Ada is a high-level, statically typed programming language designed for safety and reliability in software development. It is commonly used in mission-critical systems such as aerospace, defense, transportation, and healthcare.","execution_mechanism":"compiled","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":"https:\/\/www.adaic.org","wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ada_(programming_language)","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:35","github_repo_count":5616,"paradigms":"3,8,9,25","typings":"8,9,56,57","oses":null},{"id":16,"name":"Agda","slug":"agda","description":"Agda is a dependently typed programming language that supports formal verification. It is primarily used for writing correct and trustworthy software, as well as for mathematical proofs and research in type theory.","execution_mechanism":"compiled","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":"https:\/\/wiki.portal.chalmers.se\/agda\/pmwiki.php","wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Agda_(programming_language)","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:36","github_repo_count":2472,"paradigms":"28","typings":"7,8,9,57,61,62","oses":"2,3"},{"id":21,"name":"Alef","slug":"alef","description":"Alef is a programming language designed for systems programming, emphasizing concurrency and modular programming. It is commonly used to develop operating systems and low-level software applications.","execution_mechanism":"interpreted","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":null,"wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alef_(programming_language)","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:36","github_repo_count":null,"paradigms":"9,36","typings":"8,9","oses":"5"},{"id":24,"name":"ALGOL 58","slug":"algol_58","description":"ALGOL 58 was a high-level programming language designed for scientific and mathematical computing. Its main uses included algorithm development, numerical analysis, and scientific research.","execution_mechanism":"compiled","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":null,"wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ALGOL_58","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:37","github_repo_count":61545,"paradigms":"7,8,9","typings":"8,9","oses":null},{"id":25,"name":"ALGOL 60","slug":"algol_60","description":"ALGOL 60 is a high-level programming language known for its concise syntax and structured approach, used primarily for scientific and algorithmic computing.","execution_mechanism":"compiled","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":null,"wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ALGOL_60","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:37","github_repo_count":98033,"paradigms":"7,8,9","typings":"8,9","oses":null},{"id":26,"name":"ALGOL 68","slug":"algol_68","description":"ALGOL 68 is a programming language known for its strong typing and flexible syntax. It is primarily used for scientific and numerical computing.","execution_mechanism":"compiled","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":null,"wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ALGOL_68","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:37","github_repo_count":59333,"paradigms":"8,36","typings":"8,9,18,56","oses":null},{"id":27,"name":"ALGOL W","slug":"algol_w","description":"ALGOL W is a general-purpose programming language that was designed for scientific and system programming. It was primarily used for numerical computations and algorithm development.","execution_mechanism":"compiled","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":null,"wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ALGOL_W","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:37","github_repo_count":8670830,"paradigms":"7,8,9","typings":"8,9","oses":null},{"id":28,"name":"Alice","slug":"alice","description":"Alice is an educational programming language that emphasizes visual storytelling and interactive 3D animations. It is primarily used to teach the fundamentals of programming and computational thinking to beginners.","execution_mechanism":"interpreted","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":"https:\/\/www.ps.uni-saarland.de\/alice\/","wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alice_(programming_language)","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:38","github_repo_count":null,"paradigms":"8,10,36,54","typings":"7,8,9","oses":null},{"id":30,"name":"Alma-0","slug":"alma-0","description":"Alma-0 is a programming language designed for the specification and implementation of concurrent systems. It is mainly used for modeling and verification of concurrent algorithms and protocols.","execution_mechanism":"compiled","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":"http:\/\/www.cwi.nl\/en\/alma\/","wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alma-0","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:38","github_repo_count":null,"paradigms":"7,8,11,54","typings":"8,9","oses":null},{"id":31,"name":"AmbientTalk","slug":"ambienttalk","description":"AmbientTalk is a dynamically-typed, object-oriented programming language designed for programming mobile and ubiquitous computing applications. It focuses on the safe and efficient distribution and coordination of objects across a network of communication-capable devices.","execution_mechanism":"interpreted","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":"http:\/\/www.soft.vub.ac.be\/amop","wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AmbientTalk","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:39","github_repo_count":null,"paradigms":"3,4,17,36,67","typings":"2,9","oses":null},{"id":42,"name":"Asymptote","slug":"asymptote","description":"Asymptote is a powerful vector graphics language used for creating mathematical diagrams and technical illustrations. Its main uses include generating mathematical figures, creating 3D graphics, and designing interactive animations.","execution_mechanism":"interpreted","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":"https:\/\/asymptote.sourceforge.io\/","wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asymptote_(vector_graphics_language)","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:40","github_repo_count":121,"paradigms":"8","typings":"9","oses":"7"},{"id":44,"name":"Atom","slug":"atom","description":"Atom is a modern programming language designed for building scalable web applications. It is known for its simplicity, efficiency, and flexibility, making it popular among developers for creating backend systems and APIs.","execution_mechanism":"Other","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":"http:\/\/hackage.haskell.org\/package\/atom","wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atom_(programming_language)","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:40","github_repo_count":null,"paradigms":"6,10","typings":"9","oses":null},{"id":52,"name":"Ballerina","slug":"ballerina","description":"Ballerina is a cloud-native programming language designed for building microservices and distributed systems. It focuses on ease of use, scalability, and resilience, allowing developers to create and connect services efficiently.","execution_mechanism":"compiled","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":"https:\/\/ballerinalang.org\/","wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ballerina_(programming_language)","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:41","github_repo_count":2994,"paradigms":"36","typings":"7,8,9,18","oses":"3,4,12"},{"id":59,"name":"BeanShell","slug":"beanshell","description":"BeanShell is a lightweight scripting language for Java that provides interactive scripting capability to Java applications. It is mainly used for rapid prototyping, testing, and debugging Java code.","execution_mechanism":"interpreted","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":"http:\/\/www.beanshell.org\/","wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BeanShell","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:41","github_repo_count":null,"paradigms":"3","typings":"2,9","oses":null},{"id":67,"name":"Blitz BASIC","slug":"blitz_basic","description":"Blitz BASIC is a programming language commonly used for game development, known for its simplicity and efficiency in creating 2D games. It is primarily used by hobbyists and indie game developers.","execution_mechanism":"interpreted","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":"http:\/\/www.blitzbasic.com\/","wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blitz_BASIC","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:42","github_repo_count":1195977,"paradigms":"3,8","typings":"1,9","oses":"3"},{"id":68,"name":"Boo","slug":"boo","description":"Boo is an object-oriented, statically-typed programming language that runs on the .NET framework. It is mainly used for developing software applications and libraries targeting the Microsoft platform.","execution_mechanism":"interpreted","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":"http:\/\/boo-lang.org\/","wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boo_(programming_language)","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:43","github_repo_count":252,"paradigms":"3","typings":"7,8,9,110","oses":null},{"id":83,"name":"Ceylon","slug":"ceylon","description":"Ceylon is a statically-typed programming language that runs on the Java Virtual Machine and JavaScript engines. It is primarily used for developing large-scale enterprise applications and web-based systems.","execution_mechanism":"compiled","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":"https:\/\/ceylon-lang.org\/","wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ceylon_(programming_language)","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:45","github_repo_count":339,"paradigms":"3,8,10,25","typings":"8,9,56","oses":"7"},{"id":87,"name":"Charm","slug":"charm","description":"Charm is a programming language that prioritizes code readability and simplicity. It is mainly used for developing web applications and implementing domain-specific languages.","execution_mechanism":"interpreted","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":"http:\/\/charm.qu-bit.co.uk","wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charm_(programming_language)","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:46","github_repo_count":null,"paradigms":"9","typings":"8,9","oses":null},{"id":88,"name":"Chez Scheme","slug":"chez_scheme","description":"Chez Scheme is a programming language that provides an optimizing compiler and an interactive programming environment. It is primarily used for scripting, scientific programming, and education.","execution_mechanism":"interpreted","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":"http:\/\/www.scheme.com\/","wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chez_Scheme","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:46","github_repo_count":38011,"paradigms":null,"typings":"2,9,213","oses":"13,19"},{"id":89,"name":"CHICKEN","slug":"chicken","description":"CHICKEN is a practical and high-performance programming language that supports multiple paradigms. It is mainly used for developing scalable and efficient applications, web servers, and mobile apps.","execution_mechanism":"interpreted","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":"https:\/\/www.call-cc.org\/","wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chicken_(Scheme_implementation)","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:46","github_repo_count":null,"paradigms":null,"typings":"2,9,213","oses":"7"},{"id":90,"name":"CHILL","slug":"chill","description":"CHILL is a high-level programming language used primarily in safety-critical systems for designing and implementing real-time software applications. It supports structured programming principles and is known for its strong typing and rigorous error checking capabilities.","execution_mechanism":"interpreted","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":null,"wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CHILL","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:46","github_repo_count":null,"paradigms":"7","typings":"8,9","oses":null},{"id":658,"name":"ChucK","slug":"chuck","description":"ChucK is a strongly-timed audio programming language for composing and performing real-time music. It is used for live coding, algorithmic music composition, interactive music systems, and sound synthesis research.","execution_mechanism":"compiled","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":"http:\/\/chuck.cs.princeton.edu","wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ChucK","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-24 14:52:09","github_repo_count":607,"paradigms":"3,25,36","typings":"9","oses":null},{"id":95,"name":"Claire","slug":"claire","description":"Claire is a general-purpose programming language that combines functional and object-oriented features, designed to provide a concise and expressive syntax. It is primarily used for building scalable and high-performance software systems.","execution_mechanism":"interpredted","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":"http:\/\/www.claire-language.com","wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Claire_(programming_language)","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:47","github_repo_count":null,"paradigms":"3,10,67,78","typings":"2,8,9","oses":null},{"id":97,"name":"Clean","slug":"clean","description":"Clean is a general-purpose, lazy and pure functional programming language. It is primarily used for research and education in functional programming, and also for building efficient and reliable software systems.","execution_mechanism":"interpreted","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":"http:\/\/clean.cs.ru.nl","wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clean_(programming_language)","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:47","github_repo_count":225,"paradigms":"10,28","typings":"2,9,214","oses":null},{"id":100,"name":"Clojure","slug":"clojure","description":"Clojure is a dynamically-typed, functional programming language that runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). It is used for developing scalable and concurrent applications, with a focus on simplicity, immutability, and code-as-data philosophy.","execution_mechanism":"compiled","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":"https:\/\/clojure.org\/","wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clojure","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:48","github_repo_count":87098,"paradigms":"10,11,30,36","typings":"2,9","oses":null},{"id":101,"name":"CLU","slug":"clu","description":"The CLU programming language is a general-purpose programming language known for its strong support of data abstraction and modular programming. It is often used for teaching and research in programming language design.","execution_mechanism":"interpreted","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":"http:\/\/www.pmg.lcs.mit.edu\/CLU.html","wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CLU_(programming_language)","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:48","github_repo_count":null,"paradigms":"3,7","typings":"9","oses":null},{"id":104,"name":"Cobra","slug":"cobra","description":"Cobra is a statically typed programming language with a syntax similar to Python. It aims to combine the simplicity and readability of Python with the performance and robustness of statically typed languages like C# or Java. It can be used for general-purpose programming and is often employed for creating software applications and web development.","execution_mechanism":"compiled","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":"http:\/\/cobra-language.com\/","wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cobra_(programming_language)","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:48","github_repo_count":null,"paradigms":"3,10,25","typings":"2,7,8,9","oses":null},{"id":108,"name":"COMAL","slug":"comal","description":"COMAL is a structured programming language that was designed for teaching programming to beginners. Its main uses include education, developing simple software applications, and improving logical thinking skills.","execution_mechanism":"compiled","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":null,"wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COMAL","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:49","github_repo_count":null,"paradigms":"7,9","typings":"9","oses":null},{"id":110,"name":"Common Lisp","slug":"common_lisp","description":"Common Lisp is a high-level programming language known for its extensive macro system and dynamic, interactive development environment. It is commonly used for artificial intelligence research, scientific computing, and general-purpose programming.","execution_mechanism":"interpreted","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":"http:\/\/common-lisp.net\/","wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Common_Lisp","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:49","github_repo_count":26451,"paradigms":"3,7,10,25,67,70,76","typings":"2,9","oses":null},{"id":111,"name":"Component Pascal","slug":"component_pascal","description":"Component Pascal is an efficient and expressive programming language known for its strong static typing and modular structure. It is primarily used for developing software components, embedded systems, and applications where reliability and maintainability are important.","execution_mechanism":"other","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":"http:\/\/www.oberon.ch\/","wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Component_Pascal","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:50","github_repo_count":16883,"paradigms":"3,8,9,79","typings":"8,9","oses":null},{"id":114,"name":"Concurrent Euclid","slug":"concurrent_euclid","description":"Concurrent Euclid is a parallel, concurrent programming language that allows the creation and manipulation of concurrent objects. It is mainly used in the development of parallel and concurrent systems, such as operating systems and distributed applications.","execution_mechanism":"other","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":null,"wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Concurrent_Euclid","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:50","github_repo_count":3712,"paradigms":"8,9,10","typings":"9","oses":"7"},{"id":117,"name":"Cool","slug":"cool","description":"Cool is a small, statically-typed programming language that supports object-oriented programming. It was designed for educational purposes and is often used to teach compiler construction and programming language concepts.","execution_mechanism":"compiled","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":null,"wikipedia_url":null,"appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:50","github_repo_count":128,"paradigms":"3","typings":"8,9,61","oses":null},{"id":118,"name":"Coral 66","slug":"coral_66","description":"Coral 66 is a high-level programming language designed for real-time control systems. Its main uses include aerospace, defense, and other applications that require precision and speed.","execution_mechanism":"compiled","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":null,"wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CORAL","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:51","github_repo_count":87907,"paradigms":"7,8,9","typings":"8,9","oses":null},{"id":123,"name":"Curl","slug":"curl","description":"Curl is a programming language designed for creating rich, interactive web applications. It integrates HTML, JavaScript, and other web technologies into a single language for building dynamic user interfaces. Its main uses include developing web-based user interfaces, web services, and client-side applications.","execution_mechanism":"interpreted","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":"https:\/\/www.curl.com\/","wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Curl_(programming_language)","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:51","github_repo_count":null,"paradigms":"3,6,10,25,67","typings":"9","oses":"3,4,7,12"},{"id":643,"name":"Curry","slug":"curry","description":"Curry is a functional logic programming language that combines features from functional programming and logic programming. Its main uses include declarative programming, constraint solving, and natural language processing.","execution_mechanism":"interpreted","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":"https:\/\/www.curry-language.org\/","wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Curry_(programming_language)","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:04:13","github_repo_count":20,"paradigms":"10,11,54","typings":"7,8,9","oses":null},{"id":125,"name":"Cyclone","slug":"cyclone","description":"Cyclone is a general-purpose programming language designed for writing reliable and efficient C programs. It is primarily used for systems programming, including operating systems, embedded systems, and low-level code.","execution_mechanism":"compiled","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":"http:\/\/cyclone.thelanguage.org","wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cyclone_(programming_language)","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:52","github_repo_count":null,"paradigms":null,"typings":"8,9,56","oses":null},{"id":126,"name":"C\u03c9","slug":"c_omega","description":"C\u03c9 is a concurrent programming language designed for developing highly scalable, reliable, and concurrent applications. It is primarily used for programming distributed systems and web applications.","execution_mechanism":"interpreted","logo_svg":null,"repo_url":null,"website_url":"http:\/\/research.microsoft.com\/Comega\/","wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/C%CF%89","appeared_on":null,"latest_release_date":null,"latest_release_version":null,"created_on":"2023-08-22 15:02:52","github_repo_count":null,"paradigms":"25","typings":"9","oses":null},{"id":127,"name":"D","slug":"d","description":"The 'D' programming language is a modern general-purpose programming language with a focus on simplicity, efficiency, and safety. 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